机载脉冲多普勒雷达海杂波仿真及加速

为了提高杂波仿真的精度和速度,提出了一种对现有杂波模型的改进方法,即改用Petts的海杂波后向散射系数模型提高仿真精度,通过预先存储网格单元面积积分、只实时计算主杂波和查表实现旁瓣杂波提高仿真速度。仿真结果表明:该算法有效地提高了杂波仿真的精度和速度。     

Lognormal杂波环境中基于Hough变换的目标检测

给出了基于Hough变换的信号检测结构,推导了Lognormal分布杂波背景下基于Hough 变换检测器的检测性能的解析表达式,设计了具体的仿真环境和仿真流程,对基于Hough变换检测器在非起伏目标和四种Swerling起伏环境下的目标检测性能进行了分析。     

直升机抗坠毁座椅用智能气囊缓冲器初步研究

抗坠毁座椅是提高直升机安全性的重要措施。本文首次研究了应用于直升机抗坠毁座椅的智能气囊缓冲器，论述了智能气囊缓冲器在直升机上应用的可行性。智能气囊采用了智能材料与结构新概念设计．可提高缓冲器的性能。与其它缓冲器比较，智能气囊能主动控制冲击过载，可使坠撞事故中乘员受到的冲击过载更为平缓，提高缓冲保护的有效性。初步实验结果证实智能气囊缓冲器的原理是正确的。     

The effect of geocenter motion on Jason-2 orbits and the mean sea level

We compute a series of Jason-2 GPS and SLR/DORIS-based orbits using ITRF2005 and the std0905 standards ( Lemoine et al., 2010). Our GPS and SLR/DORIS orbit data sets span a period of 2 years from cycle 3 (July 2008) to cycle 74 (July 2010). We extract the Jason-2 orbit frame translational parameters per cycle by the means of a Helmert transformation between a set of reference orbits and a set of test orbits. We compare the annual terms of these time-series to the annual terms of two different geocenter motion models where biases and trends have been removed. Subsequently, we include the annual terms of the modeled geocenter motion as a degree-1 loading displacement correction to the GPS and SLR/DORIS tracking network of the POD process. Although the annual geocenter motion correction would reflect a stationary signal in time, under ideal conditions, the whole geocenter motion is a non-stationary process that includes secular trends. Our results suggest that our GSFC Jason-2 GPS-based orbits are closely tied to the center of mass (CM) of the Earth consistent with our current force modeling, whereas GSFC’s SLR/DORIS-based orbits are tied to the origin of ITRF2005, which is the center of figure (CF) for sub-secular scales. We quantify the GPS and SLR/DORIS orbit centering and how this impacts the orbit radial error over the globe, which is assimilated into mean sea level (MSL) error, from the omission of the annual term of the geocenter correction. We find that for the SLR/DORIS std0905 orbits, currently used by the oceanographic community, only the negligence of the annual term of the geocenter motion correction results in a – 4.67 ± 3.40 mm error in the Z-component of the orbit frame which creates 1.06 ± 2.66 mm of systematic error in the MSL estimates, mainly due to the uneven distribution of the oceans between the North and South hemisphere.     

基于杂波对消-自聚焦的多通道SAR-GMTI

对超高频(UHF)波段多通道合成孔径雷达(SAR)动目标检测技术进行研究,解决了长相干积累时间导致动目标在方位向散焦严重的问题。采用分块自聚焦技术对多通道SAR地面移动目标指示(GMTI)系统自适应杂波抑制后的SAR图像进行处理,改善杂波抑制后的SAR图像中动目标的聚焦情况,增强动目标与周围剩余杂波的对比度,进而提高恒虚警率(CFAR)检测的性能。与传统杂波抑制后直接进行CFAR检测方法相比较,该方法降低了检测虚警概率。实测数据处理结果显示动目标的信杂比明显提高,动目标方位向聚焦成功,证明了该方法的有效性。     

CHZ型重力仪重力测量伺服回路的分频段控制方案

针对原有CHZ型海洋重力仪重力测量伺服回路PI控制模型的不足,提出对强扰动频段(海浪频率)用一个独立反馈回路进行抑制衰减的方案,并进行了理论分析和建模仿真,表明该方案可将海浪对采样质量的扰动幅度降低50％以上,并提高重力测量带宽一个量级,因此可改善重力仪在恶劣海况下的工作性能,改善测量中的非线性效应.     

强海杂波背景下目标检测方法综述

高频地波雷达被广泛应用于海面目标的检测,而由于海杂波的分布散射具有很强的动态特性,通常情况下成为了海面目标检测的主要干扰成分.因此,在强海杂波背景下进行目标检测的关键在于如何有效抑制海杂波.从循环对消、子空间分解、模型预测以及分形特征这几方面对海杂波抑制技术进行综述、分析和总结,为后续对海面目标检测提供参考.     

Doppler characteristics of HF spread Doppler clutter recorded at Alice Springs,Australia

Mean night-time peak power, Doppler shift and Doppler width of spread Doppler clutter (SDC) received by a high frequency backscatter radar located at Alice Springs, Australia from 2000 to 2018 is presented as a function of azimuth, sunspot number, time of year and frequency. The sampled region covers 90 degrees from West to North and includes the northern and southern equatorial anomalies.SDC peak power diminished across all azimuths during the winter solstice from around May to August (local winter) coinciding with the global decrease in F layer density due to the annual non-seasonal F2 anomaly but was generally constant during the equinoxes. In contrast, SDC Doppler width and inbound Doppler shift both increased during the equinoxes and exhibited azimuthal dependence related to the eastward equatorial plasma drift.SDC peak power increased with increasing sunspot number with frequency dependence during winter but not summer. Inbound Doppler shift and Doppler width increased with increasing sunspot number during equinox but not solstice with a strong dependence on azimuth and a weak dependence on frequency.     

SMOS与Aquarius卫星海表盐度测量方法及数据的对比分析

国际上发射的海表盐度遥感卫星主要有2颗:欧洲的SMOS和美国的Aquarius卫星,为给后续海表盐度遥感提供参考借鉴,对比分析了这2颗卫星的遥感器载荷、数据处理算法和盐度数据。遥感器载荷方面,SMOS采用L波段二维综合孔径辐射计,而Aquarius采用L波段实孔径辐射计加散射计;数据处理算法方面,分析了二者在介电常数模型、海面粗糙度校正以及反演算法方面的差异;盐度数据方面,分析了SMOS与Aquarius盐度数据之间的相关程度,并分别与ISAS(In Situ Analysis System)浮标盐度数据作对比,分析了2颗卫星的盐度数据精度。将2颗卫星的盐度遥感数据与ISAS浮标盐度数据对比发现,在全球范围内,Aquarius盐度测量精度优于SMOS;但在开阔海域,SMOS盐度测量精度优于Aquarius;而在近海岸区域,均出现较大的误差,且SMOS数据误差更大。     

星载相控阵GNSS-R测高系统设计与实验

星载GNSS-R测高系统采用多波束相控阵天线和干涉互相关处理方式,接收北斗导航卫星和GPS导航卫星发射的L波段导航直射信号与海面反射信号,进行海面高度探测。详细介绍GNSS-R测高系统设计与实现、集成和外场试验等,外场试验不仅验证了相控阵GNSS-R测高系统功能,更重要的是验证了核心软件算法的正确性。GNSS-R测高系统适用于中尺度海洋现象的观测,可在时间和空间尺度上扩展雷达高度计的观测能力,并与之相互补充,有利于对复杂海面的中尺度结构进行较高时间分辨率的观测。GNSS-R测高仪为星载高精度海面高度探测提供了新型载荷。